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Water Quality Simulation and Dissolved Oxygen Change Scenarios in Lam Takhong River in Thailand

Original scientific paper

Journal of Sustainable Development of Energy, Water and Environment Systems
Volume 10, Issue 1, 1090389
DOI: https://doi.org/10.13044/j.sdewes.d9.0389
Chau Ngoc Tran1 , Chatpet Yossapol2, Netnapid Tantemsapya2, Preeyaphorn Kosa2, Phatsakrit Kongkhiaw2
1 Institute of Engineering, Suranaree University of Technology, 30000 Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand Faculty of Engineering - Technology - Environment, An Giang University, An Giang, Vietnam
2 Institute of Engineering, Suranaree University of Technology, 30000 Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand

Abstract

Dissolved oxygen in Lam Takhong River gradually reaches zero value during the dry season on several occasions in the past decade causing the unsuitable quality for use as the raw water for Nakhon Ratchasima Town. Discharges of point sources and diffuse sources containing pollutants with organics and nutrients are the major cause of water quality deterioration in the river. To find the sources of impact on the water quality in the river, a one- dimensional steady-flow systems river water quality model, QUAL2Kw, was constructed and simulated. The model was calibrated and validated using the water quality data from 2008 to 2017 for the Lam Takhong River by seven monitoring stations. The modeling was applied to simulate various water quality parameters during the critical period to compare to the designated surface water quality criteria third class in Thailand (minimum dissolved oxygen at or above 4 mg/L; maximum biochemical oxygen demand, nitrate-nitrogen, and ammonia-nitrogen at or below 2.0, 5.0 and 0.5 mg/L, respectively). The study reach of the river flows 122 km from Lam Takhong Dam to the Mun River at Chaloem Phra Kiat district through the urban central area. Several segments of the river have been alarmed for many constituents with the dissolved oxygen impairment is the focus of the study. The scenarios of loads and upstream dissolved oxygen modification were conducted to assess the change of dissolved oxygen concentration. The result of the QUAL2Kw model showed that the decomposition of organic matter and a poor reaeration were the primary cause of the impairment. The local oxygenation causes fluctuations in dissolved oxygen levels along the river and the dissolved oxygen concentration decreases downstream of the river with some values fell the meet the fourth class of surface water quality criteria in Thailand (DO above 2 mg/L and BOD5

Keywords: Water quality model, QUAL2K, QUAL2Kw, Lam Takhong, Diffuse resources, Point source.

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