Abstract

Perovskite solar cells have attracted significant attention in recent years due to their rapidly rising power conversion efficiencies and low-cost fabrication potential, and the incorporation of nanomaterials provides new pathways to further improve their performance and stability. In this work, the structure of the perovskite solar cell is first introduced, accompanied by the function of buffer layer, perovskite photosensitive layer, and electrode. The advantages and drawbacks are analyzed by employing diverse nanomaterials in the three critical regions of perovskite solar cells. The enhanced performance is discussed in terms of the buffer layer, the perovskite photosensitive layer, and each component with the incorporation of nanomaterials, and the underlying mechanisms are examined to reveal how nanomaterials improve photoelectric conversion performance. In perovskite solar cells, nanomaterials play a critical role by passivating defects, suppressing electron–hole recombination, accelerating charge separation, and enhancing carrier transport, thereby improving device efficiency and stability. This study provides insights into the rational design of nanomaterial-based strategies to further advance the development of high-performance and stable perovskite solar cells.