Abstract

Translating global distributed photovoltaic successes to Yemen’s fragile and conflict-affected context remains a critical challenge. This study develops a strategic roadmap by adapting lessons from China's three-decade market evolution, informed by comparative experiences from Germany, Japan, and the United States within a conflict-sensitive analytical framework. This research hypothesises that phased policy measures, community-based models, and international partnerships can assist in overcome systemic constraints in fragile environments. Through policy analysis, historical case studies, and barrier mapping, results demonstrate that phased pilot initiatives reduce investment risks, while stakeholder involvement enhances project sustainability. Adaptive tariff structures, scalable deployment models, and local involvement emerge as prerequisites for resilience in unstable settings. The study concludes with a conflict-sensitive, adaptive framework for the phased deployment of distributed photovoltaics in Yemen. This framework prioritizes approaches that synergistically advance reliable energy access, community resilience, and sustainable photovoltaics adoption. By integrating energy planning with local development imperatives, the proposed strategy offers a transferable model for fostering robust and sustainable energy systems in similarly crisis-affected regions.