Abstract

Remote mangrove ecotourism sites, constrained by environmental sensitivity and limited grid access, rely on costly, polluting diesel generators. This study designs and validates hybrid renewable energy systems (HRES) for sustainable tourism in the Sundarbans (Bangladesh), Can Gio (Vietnam), and Guaratiba (Brazil). Using HOMER Pro, we optimized system sizing and costs based on local resource and multi-sector demand data, while DIgSILENT PowerFactory ensured grid stability through load flow and fault analyses. Optimized systems achieved 80–85% renewable penetration, with the Sundarbans leading due to strong wind and biomass resources, reducing energy costs by 22–35% and greenhouse gas emissions by >70% compared to diesel-only systems. Voltage deviations remained within ±5%, with fault recovery under 2 seconds. This integrated HOMER–DIgSILENT framework offers a scalable model for electrifying ecologically sensitive regions, enhancing energy security and sustainability.