Abstract

Hydrogen is increasingly deployed across production, storage, transport, and end-use systems, raising significant safety and risk-management challenges. This study presents a PRISMA-based systematic review of scientific and technical literature on hydrogen supply chain risk assessment methods published between 2010 and 2025, with searches completed on 20 September 2025. Using the context–intervention–mechanism–outcome framework, the review classifies and compares quantitative risk assessment, consequence modelling, safety barrier analysis, and monitoring-oriented approaches across supply chain stages. The results show a strong concentration on storage and transport applications and a predominance of static, scenario-based methodologies. Monitoring systems are generally treated as operational support tools rather than as inputs for dynamic probabilistic updating. The review identifies limitations in cross-stage integration, uncertainty treatment, and barrier-performance modelling, and highlights the need for more integrated and monitoring-informed hydrogen safety assessment frameworks.